A pallet, pallet or pallet is a wooden, plastic or other materials used in freight movement and to facilitate the raising and management with small hydraulic cranes, forklift trucks calls allowing the grouping of goods was the first to use the U.S. military to supply troops in Europe during World War II
according to their use may be:
range of services utilization repeatedly (or captive pallet) PALLET
sunk: one-
Depending on their size:
GMA (USA) 48 * 40in
Europalet (EU) 1.20 * o, 8m
MARK II CHEP (Commonwealth) 48 * 40in MARK
CHEP 55 (Commonwealth) 48 * 40in.
Given its importance we will focus on the study of Europalet as is the used in our environment can be obtained by bulking a reduction in rates
Dimensions and technical aspects are regulated by the English standard UNE49900 and the international standard ISO \\ R-445.
most common measures for the pallet platform are as follows (in mm):
800 x 1200 for all consumer products. The European standard Euro pallet or pallet is a specific type of pallet with these measures. This measure was adopted in Europe to the detriment of the American pallet to maximize the dimensions of the boxes of trailers, which have a width of 2400. This measure of pallets can be placed across the width of the box two pallets in one direction or three the other.
1000 x 1200 for liquid products. Sometimes called the American pallet.
600 x 800 used on grocery products
600 x 1000 used less liquid form,
industrialists sometimes have different standards or specific dimensions particularly the chemical industry. Dimension 800 x 1200 is the most widespread in Europe but is also common 1000 x 1200.
pallet is said that a half-made rental 3.9 rotations per year industry and up to 8 rotations distribution. The most widespread system of using a pallet is your rent to a 'pool' which is responsible for pick up at the destinations and making them available again the manufacturer. One of the largest pools is Chep currently has a fleet of 140 million pallets for rent in Europe
Materials wood pallet. represents between 90% and 95% of the pallets. Currently required under international law to treat wood intended for export. The pallet can thus losing its hegemony in the intercontinental transport as there are only two forms of treatment, none of which is easy to apply for high volume:
Applying heat to at least 56 ยบ C temperature for 30 minutes. Spraying
through metal bromide.
plastic pallet. Less presence, as an alternative to the pallet of cardboard on international shipments. Generally, the pallet is chosen by the constancy of their weight and health. Usually intended to niche market industrial logistics sector which is very convenient for automated warehouses. It lasts more than 100 applications which offset long-term high initial cost.
cardboard pallet. Present in the catalogs of the main rubbish, is chosen for its guarantee of hygiene to be a disposable product. Cardboard pallets are single use and are intended mainly to agricultural and food market. Their main problem is that they prevent the stocking outside in the rain be degradable pallet
conglomerate. Made of molded wood conglomerate, has existed for over twenty years but remains the least known model. The pallet conglomerate international transport addresses where the average load is about 200 kilos, not having nails prevents damage to the goods
Palletizing
Action and effect of placing the goods on a paletpara its storage and transport.
pallet load can be done by hand, while not the traditional system. The maximum number of packets that must be manipulated by hand is 25 kg. and is increasingly limited to 15 kg. to adapt to the limitations women and prevent work stoppages by back pain and other ailments. The most common is mechanically manipulated.
mechanical load manipulations
palletized packages to the most basic means of handling the pallet. This is a manually operated instrument with raising the load forks only a few inches, just enough to move it from site. The maximum size between the forks is 120 cm. to 150 cm.
The evolution of the stackers pallet forks which has two fixed and two moving lower. Can be superimposed at least 2 pallets, leaving the fixed to the ground level. Therefore, only the pallet can be used in one direction and not in the lower bar that has since destroyed the pallet.
forklift. The vehicles operated by a driver. They also have front forks which are inserted under the pallet to lift the load. Today, labor is the most widely used system. There are several types of forklift trucks with driver, whose requirements are lower than previous Media, the pins are thinner and laterally adjustable.
automatic palletizer. It is a kind of electric lift pallets are deposited in an automated warehouse niches. Powered trucks with or without driver, automatic palletizer require additional requirements. As the height of the nave is divided by gaps available, the pallets can not be stacked on each other and must go in the slot: height = height of the site (H) - 100 mm. approx. If the store does not have niche platforms, usually resting on 2 pallets whose space bar most common standard is 800, 1,000 or 1,200 mm wheelbase. It is therefore imperative that:
lower plate of the pallet there is even partially reduced the runners
these skates are preferably perpendicular to the bars.
for palletizing and other automated warehouses, the outer sides of the pallet load and tolerances must comply strictly required by the customer.
palletizer machine or stevedore. This is a machine that combines mechanical and electrical componetes in order to place products usually stored in boxes, bags, drums, among others, on a pallet, which can be wood, metal or plastic for the formation of a pallet.
In place of the palette, there are sliding sheets, better known as "slip sheet". These sheets can slide cardboard or plastic. To use these sheets slide, you must install a special device in order to place the forklift pallets one above the other, the device is named "push and pull." The paletizdoras bags of 25 kg can palletizing current from 600 bags per hour, with a palletizing robot (robotic arm) up to 4500 bags per hour, which are generally a bit more complex machines used in the cement industry.
Some considerations must be taken into account some considerations when determining the height and weight of the pallet load:
Some products may be too heavy a burden for small trucks that fall from front to try to raise load. Should therefore limit the weight limiting the number of cells or decrease the height of palletized load.
Similarly, some storage racks support a reduced load per square meter, and should also limit the weight of the load.
Other stores are equipped with lifts or hoist between plants whose height is small and can not support the loads to full height.
We must pay attention to the direction of the runners when the load is introduced with clearance from the pallet and the pallet load can not be more than 2 tickets because of the length of the forks or stability in manipulation. A bad choice of direction required to store riding on 2 batteries, causing a loss of storage space.
height trucks usually lies between 2.5 m. and 2.6 m. and you have to provide about 15 cm. margin to lift the load inside the truck leaving an available useful height of about 2.4 m. We must pay attention to certain special cases:
the old trailers (maximum height about 2.35 m.)
refrigerated trucks (sometimes limited ventilation shafts in 2 m.)
sea containers (they are all different )
accessible height for people to take the packages which are at the top of the palletized load should not exceed 1.8 to 1.9 m.
recommended carry 2 pallets of 1.2 m. an overlapping only 1.8 m. The truck's fill rate is better in spite of the manipulations and additional pallet costs. In addition, the height of the storage facilities of many distributors are equipped with limited shelf-palletizing height of 1.35 m. (Avoid) or 1.2 m. Max.
Some recommendations:
A load that 'about' pallet will have a tendency to wobble or slip during transport, thus increasing the need for resistance to vertical compression packing bearing whose edges are not overlapping to convey the forces.
a load that exceeds the pallet also require greater Packing stacking strength since only a portion of the outer edges contribute to the resistance effort. In addition, directly suffer shocks and frictions that occur in the process. Every package
overlapping or unnecessary evil crossover will also increased their need for stacking strength in inverse proportion to the perimeter bearing left to bear the mass it receives. The main result of poor palletizing by a bad positioning of the packages is the need to oversize packaging resistance which represents an economic loss which adds to the risk of litigation in transport.
prevent cargo pallet overhang it is exposed to the punching of the lower which means less resistance to piling.
A Load Too introduced into the resulting gap between the pallet loads and degrade heel.
must cross layers, above all, otherwise than is produced load instability that opens at the top.
should overlap the boxes on their edges to optimize the load.
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