Does Filing Jointly Invalidate A Prenuptial In

The benefits are numerous and it is vital to know them and know where and how to apply

Author: By MARTA BOURGEOIS

employment offices, after years of relative calm, re-filled. The crisis being experienced by Spain, especially in certain areas, causing many citizens to lose their jobs every day and come to find out what aid they can receive. These are numerous, and it is vital important to know what and where to go to for assistance.

Although the stages are cyclical boom and bust, unemployment continues to rise each month. According to the Ministry of Labour, the registered unemployment in Public Employment Services in the month of August amounted to 103,085 people and placed the total number of unemployed at 2,530,001, up 4.2% from July and the largest number of unemployed since February 1998. The unemployment rate currently stands at 10.5% and in the last year has increased by 501,705 people. The August rise was recorded doubles last year at this time when the number of unemployed increased at 57,958, 2.94% compared to July last year and 2.25% annual rate.

unemployment protection can be given at two levels:

• contributory unemployment benefit. To enjoy the same is required after the employee contribution to Social Security.
• Care: unemployment allowance. It is for those people who can not receive unemployment benefit. Welfare protection has an economic benefit and the payment to Social Security contributions for health care benefits, protection family and, where appropriate, retirement.
  

Grant

According to the National Employment Institute (INEM), responsible for regulating such employment benefits, are eligible for jobless benefits all those unemployed, registered as seeking employment (not having rejected offer suitable job or refusing to participate, except for cause, in promotion, training or retraining) lack of income of any kind above, calculated monthly, 75% of the minimum wage, excluding the proportional part of two pay extraordinary.

The Public Employment Service is the autonomous agency under the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, responsible for the management and control of such benefits, except for those workers covered by other special regimes. Therefore, you must go to the agency for information and to receive aid. Each autonomous community also regulates their employment offices and work according to their rules, coordinated by the INEM.

can only be recipients of unemployment benefit specific population groups with special situations:

• workers who have exhausted unemployment benefit and family responsibilities: the duration of benefits is six months, extendable for two periods of equal duration to a maximum of 18 months, with certain exceptions, which can be consulted at any office of community work corresponding autonomous.
• Workers over 45 who have exhausted unemployment benefit without family responsibilities: the duration of benefit is also six months. In the case of intermittent permanent workers, the duration is equal to the number of months listed for unemployment in the year preceding the application.
• special allowance for workers over 45 who have exhausted unemployment benefits for 24 months: the delivery is six months from depletion of the tax provision, if requested within the deadline. Once received this special grant, the workers will receive unemployment benefits because it had exhausted a contributory benefit.
  

For this special case, the monthly amount of unemployment benefits will depend on the number of dependents, with a relative or no charge, 80% Public Income Indicator Multiple Effect (IPREM) : 399.36 EUR / month for the year 2007 and 413.52 euros / month in 2008, with two dependents, 107% Public Income Indicator Multiple Effect: 534.14 euros / month in 2007 and 553.08 euros / month in 2008 and with three or more dependents, 133% Public Income Indicator Multiple Effect: 663.94 euros / month in 2007 and 687.47 euros / month in 2008.

• Workers, upon the legal situation of unemployment, have not completed the qualifying period for access to a contributory benefit, as required workers should have traded in a Social Security system that provides for the contingency of unemployment, at least three months if they have family responsibilities, or six months if they do, and not having completed the qualifying period of 360 days to qualify for a contributory benefit. Workers
• returnees: To receive this assistance must be registered as unemployed within one month from the date of your return and sign the Commitment of activity. They must also show that they have worked at least 12 months in the last six years since his last departure from Spain in countries outside the EU, or where there is no agreement on unemployment protection. The duration of perception is six months extendable for two periods of equal duration to a maximum of 18 months.
• Freed from prison, whose detention has lasted six or more months: the duration of the benefit of subsidy is six months, extendable for two periods of equal duration to a maximum of 18 months.
• Workers who are found able to fully or partially disabled as a result of record review by improvement of a situation of severe disability, permanent disability or total for the normal job: in this case, the duration of benefit is the same as the previous situation.
• Workers over 52 years: these cases apply the assistance until the worker reaches the normal age is required in each case to collect the pension.
  

amount and term


The deadline for filing for unemployment benefit eligibility is, in most cases, 15 working days, you start counting after the time month of waiting since the exhaustion of contributory benefit or special allowance for workers over 45 who have exhausted unemployment benefits for 24 months.

The monthly amount of unemployment benefits for all these cases, except for special subsidy for workers over 45 who have exhausted unemployment benefits for 24 months, 80% Public Income Indicator Multiple Effect: 399, 36 euros / month in 2007 and 413.52 euros / month in 2008. In addition, from January 1, 2006, for intermittent permanent workers over 52 years the price paid by the retirement contingency throughout the period of receiving the benefit.

In the event that the above tax provision has been generated by the loss of a part-time work, for subsidies born before March 24, 2007, the amount is reduced in proportion to the work day that would have made, and the basis of Social Security contributions will be in the same proportion.

Other aid Another aid offered by the Government in a situation of unemployment is the single payment of the benefit. This is a measure to encourage and facilitate self-employment initiatives, through the payment of present value of the benefit for a contributory unemployment benefit recipients who intend to join, so stable, as workers or partners work corporations or labor unions, in, or who want to develop a new self-employment activity.

Furthermore, public employment services must take into account the status of victim of domestic violence, victims of domestic violence to temper, if necessary, the obligations arising from the commitment of activity. Thus, these people receive a special amounts.

Increased unemployment has also caused from the highest levels to take steps to try to decrease the number of unemployed. Thus, it has authorized a special credit and four credit supplements for a total of 66,279,000 euros to finance actions in the plan including special counseling, vocational training and job placement. This plan, in accordance with the provisions of the Decree-Law 2 / 2008 of measures to boost economic activity, is aimed at increasing the provision of services to the unemployed registered with the Public Employment Services. It also aims to employed workers who may need guidance or training to improve their skills.

UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

Recipients of unemployment benefit are those members and in situations of high or similar service in the Social Security system that includes a contingency for unemployment. However, according to the INEM, these citizens have to demonstrate willingness to actively seek employment and accept a suitable placement and sign an activity agreement.

The duration of the service function extends unemployment insurance period in the six years prior to legal unemployment or to the moment when the obligation to contribute. With the average of the bases of occupational accidents and diseases for which traded for 180 days prior to legal unemployment or when it ceased the obligation to contribute (not counting overtime), calculate the base figure for unemployment benefits. During the first 180 days of supply is perceived 70% of the base, from day 181, 60%. The situation changes, and rates increase, depending on whether you have children, depending on the number of these.

The benefit payments are made monthly in arrears between 10 and 15 of each month, by crediting the account of the partner financial institution indicated by the worker who is a holder of, except in cases duly recorded, in which the managing entity allows cash payment financial institution.

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Short sea shipping, the shortest path to reach further


SSS DEFINITION
For short sea shipping (Short Sea Shipping, SSS) refers to the movement of goods and passengers by sea between ports situated in territory European Union or between those ports and those in countries outside Europe with a coastline in the coastal seas around Europe.
includes shipping both nationally and internationally, and feeder services. The concept also applies to maritime transport between member states of the European Union and other countries bordering the Baltic, Black and Mediterranean.
Since the early 1990's, the European Union institutions have been emphasizing the need to promote the development of the SSS as a complement and alternative to land transport, to reduce the increasing saturation of facilities thereof. Growth SSS is considered, therefore, essential for sustainable development in the EU towards 2010.
However, this concept should be developed with a clear modal. This is not to raise a confrontation between the road and maritime transport, but to promote cooperation between businessmen from both modes so that competition arises between multimodal transport chains.


The port of Barcelona is making a determined bid to boost short sea shipping as a competitive mode of transport for goods. The goal is to become a true center logit and a key link in the chain gear, making short shipping is a tool to increase the competitiveness of firms that export and import their goods through the installation of Catalonia.
The demand for this type of transport has enabled the port to have an increasing number of coastal lines of short sea shipping, which together with a competitive schedule with other Mediterranean ports. The competitiveness of short sea shipping and the investments made by port and shipping facilities to make this as a real alternative to the road is supported by figures of spectacular growth.
higher growth

According to recent data European Commission (EC), released in 2002, short sea shipping has grown by 39% in terms of tonne-kilometers during the last decade, growth comparable to that of the only road that was in 41 %. However, during the second half of the 90's, short sea shipping grew by over land transport by road, with annual increases of 3.5%. These increases have allowed that, currently, the market share of short sea shipping is 42% of the total market for freight transport. At European level, the short sea shipping has meant 68% of the total volume of goods transported. The Mediterranean and the North Sea were the main areas of development of this transport, 34 and 31%, respectively, of the goods. During 2000, the latest data deck EC from the Mediterranean moved 662 million tons through this mode. In Spain, 65% of the transport of short sea shipping is done through the Mediterranean ports, especially with Italy, Algeria and Libya.

The Mediterranean Basin, the greatest potential
In the short sea shipping traffic that is carried across the Mediterranean, Spain accounts for 14% of the total, ranking second, behind Italy, that captures this type of transport with 38% of all goods. In fact, the Mediterranean is the one with greater potential for acquisition of goods from road to short sea shipping. According to a study of the English Association for the Promotion of Short Sea Shipping, the products most likely to be captured by the SSS are hortofrutículas and steel products.
is estimated that next year, the traffic likely to be attracted by the SSS to reach two million tons of goods. Of this total, the Euro-Mediterranean arc will slightly more than half, to 318,000 tons captured on routes with Italy and more than 720,000 tons of routes with France.

Barcelona bids for SSS
In this context, the port of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bwith its geostrategic location and a growing and important hinterland, is developing a range of strategies aimed at increasing the number of lines that perform this type of transport and provide a more flexible shipping and competitive corporate clients. The port has, currently, space docking, loading and unloading dedicated to this means of transport and has become a benchmark for this type of short-haul traffic.
In recent months, have been put into service new short sea shipping lines in the Catalan port. After the success of the pioneer, undertaken by Grande Navi Veloci between Barcelona and Genoa, with exponential growth year after year, Barcelona has been increasing the number of links to other Mediterranean ports and North Africa.
The latest example is the line commissioned in March by Grimaldi Napoli to Civitavecchia (Rome). The line, covered by a mixed-passenger ferry and ro-ro cargo, covers the service between the Catalan port and Italy three times a week and has already established itself as a "sea highway" competitive with the land route. The speed to meet these modern ships engaged in short sea shipping gives them a competitive advantage and not just off the road, but even on the plane.


Cost Savings The benefits of short sea shipping for the environment because it is much less polluting than other major modes of transportation now, is a basic: the costs. According to a study by the English Association for the Promotion of Short Sea Shipping, 70% of the 210 logistics chains were analyzed, the cost savings using the alternative of short sea shipping are above 10%. Added to this is that in 35% of the connections, the total distance traveled is significantly reduced and in 26% of trips, the use of short sea coastal reduce transit time.
However, despite these advantages, the SSS is still perceived by shippers as a means of transport unreliable. They are urging thus increase the reliability of transport within, to respect the day of delivery and cost savings assume opposed to the traditional road.

What to consider in the SSS
When selecting a mode of transport to, companies have to take into account that, despite its advantages, the short shipping is not always the most appropriate. For this reason, the association pointed out six basic requirements to achieve a competitive transport: Select
shipping routes over the 450 miles.
adapt the speed of the vessel to maximize the rotations. Focusing
recruitment goals of traffic in the road when they cover a distance exceeding 1,500 km. Concentrate
shipping services to ensure a greater number of frequencies.
promote interaction with road transport companies from other countries.
Note that the ground operator wants to maintain control of clients.

A matter of community interest
The short sea transport is driven by long-EU executive order to curb the growing saturation of European roads. Although the short sea shipping has the full support of the Commission are still some points to iron out, as the realization of the concept of 'motorways of the sea' or a financial aid policy in line with reality, and that the 75 million euros budgeted by the Marco Polo for the years 2003-2006 are little more than symbolic.


In Marco Polo its White Paper on Transport in the horizon of 2010, the European Commission proposed a series of measures to balance the different modes of transport. One of the measures to achieve this goal is the Marco Polo, which was adopted on July 22, 2003. The objective of this plan is to reduce road congestion and mitigate the harmful effects of the current transport system on the environment through intermodality. To this end, the program financially supports initiatives in the freight and logistics so that the 12,000 million tons per kilometer increase annually provided they are transferred to short sea shipping, rail and inland waterways or a combination of these modes, minimizing road trips.
Between June and July this year, is scheduled to begin negotiations of contracts and, next September, will start the second round of proposals for mid-November, have all the initiatives on the table.
All Community transport companies are invited to participate in this program. Marco Polo replace the PACT, a similar program, but with a narrower scope. Marco Polo is active in all market segments of transportation, not only in combined transport.
The aid will go to the launch of new services that capture traffic so far were made by road. The minimum endowment of 500,000 euros will be provided that the capture of the road project 250 million tons per kilometer. Another aspect to be taken into account is that this grant, awarded up to three years, does not involve a distortion of competition in the market and that the service can be profitable when aid ceases.
addition to direct aid at the beginning of a new service, Marco Polo will also consider two types of action: catalyzing calls, as overcoming structural barriers in the markets, and training and cooperation projects and exchange of know-how.
Administrations may not participate in this program, which is directed solely to private enterprise to undertake cross-border services, excluding leaving national initiatives. Nor may qualify for support of new infrastructure projects, technology or feasibility studies. Editorial


SAC Port Authority of

interest BarcelonaDirecciones The Short Sea Shipping in European Union
English Association for the Promotion of Short Sea Transportation
European Network for the Promotion of Short Sea Shipping
Port Authority of Barcelona Line
Algeria - CNAN
Shipper Line Algeria - Transcoma
Line Rome - Naples Grimaldi Line
Genova - Grandi Navi Veloci